I. Local Adaptation: Empirical Evidence from Case Studies. - 1. Population Structure and the Conundrum of Local Adaptation. - 2. Deme Formation in a Dispersive Gall-Forming Midge. - 3. Prevention of Deme Formation by the Pinyon Needle Scale: Problems of Specializing in a Dynamic System. - 4. Local Adaptation in Specialist Herbivores: Theory and Evidence. - II. Foundations of Local Adaptation: The Genetic Basis of Host-Plant Use and the Nature of Selection. - 5. Population-Level Adaptation to Host-Plant Chemicals: The Role of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases. - 6. Assessment of Genetic Variation in the Presence of Maternal or Paternal Effects in Herbivorous Insects. - 7. Local Adaptation and Stochastic Events in an Oak Leafminer Population. - 8. The Strength of Selection: Intraspecific Variation in Host-Plant Quality and the Fitness of Herbivores. - III. Life History Behavior and Genetic Structure. - 9. Intrademic Genetic Structure and Natural Selection in Insects. - 10. Social Behavior and Its Effects on Colony- and Microgeographic Genetic Structure in Phytophagous Insect Populations. - 11. Dispersal and Adaptive Deme Formation in Sedentary Coccoid Insects. - 12. Life-History Strategies and the Genetic Structure of Phytophagous Insect Populations. - IV Local Adaptation Host-Race Formation and Speciation. - 13. Differential Adaptation in Spatially Heterogeneous Environments and Host-Parasite Coevolution. - 14. Scale-Dependent Evolution of Specialization in a Checkerspot Butterfly: From Individuals to Metapopulations and Ecotypes. - 15. Factors Affecting Gene Flow between the Host Races of Eurosta solidaginis. - 16. Sympatric Host-Race Formation and Speciation in Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae): A Tale of Two Species for Charles D. Language: English