Source aperture imaging and light refraction optical bench Key benefits Enables multiple physics and optics experiments from a single platform, reducing the need for separate devices. Rails with marked scales make positioning and measurement straightforward, helping users observe and summarize optical rules more effectively. Lightweight and easy to assemble for quick setup, transport, and compact storage in classrooms or laboratories. Designed for safe use during student experiments and demonstrations. Main functions Source aperture imaging: supports experiments that demonstrate image formation, aperture effects, and source imaging principles. Light refraction and optical experiments: accommodates refractive elements and components to demonstrate refraction, beam deviation, and related phenomena. Scaled optical rail: provides precise, repeatable component placement for systematic exploration and data collection. Features and attributes Compatibility: designed to work with common optical bench accessories and standard experimental components used in physics teaching and basic research. Size and layout: features a rail with clear scale markings to facilitate accurate positioning and measurement; dimensions suitable for tabletop laboratory use. Material and weight: constructed from lightweight materials that make the bench easier to handle than traditional optical platforms while maintaining sufficient rigidity for experimental use. Performance: supports repeatable setups for imaging and refraction experiments, with rails that simplify alignment and demonstration of optical principles. Portability and storage: modular design allows fast assembly and disassembly for classroom turnover or transport between teaching spaces. How it solves common problems Reduces setup time compared to assembling multiple separate devices by consolidating source aperture imaging and refraction experiments on a single bench. Improves experiment clarity by using scaled rails that make component positions and changes visible and measurable. Lowers storage and transport burden through a lighter, more compact design that preserves functionality without the bulk of traditional platforms. Typical applications Classroom demonstrations: set up experiments to show image formation, aperture effects, and refraction for groups of students during lectures or lab sessions. Student laboratory exercises: perform handson measurements of refractive indices, lens imaging distances, and aperturerelated resolution under supervised lab protocols. Curriculum development and teaching labs: develop repeatable experimental procedures that rely on precise component placement and straightforward measurement recording. Practical notes Intended for educational and experimental use in physics and optics; use standard optical components and mounts that fit the rail system. The lightweight construction facilitates frequent reconfiguration and storage but still requires careful handling and alignment for precise measurements. Rails with scale markings are useful for documenting experimental setups and comparing results across sessions. This optical bench combines source aperture imaging and light refraction capabilities into a compact, scalable platform tailored for physics instruction, demonstrations, and basic optical experiments.